Abbasid Caliphate is the name given to a third Islamic caliphate in history, and the second-Islamic dynasties. Could Abbasids to throw off the Umayyad of trained and Astafrdoa succession, has been spent on that ruling dynasty and chased her children even spent the most of them were not spared them only resorted to Andalusia, was among them Abdul Rahman bin Muawiya ibn Hisham bin Abdul Malik bin Marwan I, Vastoly on the Iberian Peninsula, and we stayed in a handicap for the year 1029 AD.
Abbasid state was founded by the descendants of the youngest uncles of the Prophet of Islam Muhammad bin Abdullah dynasty, namely Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib, was the Abbasids in the establishment of their state on the horse, aggrieved at the Umayyad to the exclusion adopted them from positions of state and major centers, and keep Arabs out, also persuaded the Abbasids Shiites to help destabilize the entity of the Umayyad dynasty. Transfer Abbasid capital of the state, after the success of their revolution, of Damascus, to Kufa, then Anbar before they constructed the city of Baghdad to be their capital, which flourished for three centuries, and became the world's largest cities and the most beautiful, and the capital of science and the arts, but the star took to fade with the beginning of the sunset of the Abbasid state as a whole. Varied reasons that led to the collapse of the Abbasid state, notably: the emergence of populism and different religious movements in this day and age, populism has led to a preference for non-Arabic people on the Arabs, and the long controversy between the parties to the conflict, and each team won his sons. In addition to political populism, it formed a multi-religious teams opposed the Abbasid rule. The centerpiece of the dispute between the teams and the referees between the Abbasids is «succession» or lead the Muslims. And each had its own group of them and its own system and logos and the way in calling for these principles aimed to achieve its objectives in the establishment of rule that you want. And this made the difference people sects, parties, and became the Abbasid communities where the fields of jostling opinions and contradict, this broadening of the political dispute between the citizens of the Abbasid state and helped cracked ideological unity which is the basis of political unity. And internal factors that encouraged the spread of separatist movements, the expansion of the Abbasid state, so that after the capital and the distance between the parts of the country and the difficulty of transportation at that time, made the governors in the country's remote exceed their powers and riding in the affairs of their states without fear coming from the capital of the caliphate armies to quell the movement of separatism and which were not up until it was too late, and the most prominent separatist movements from the Abbasid State: Alodrash movement and Aghlabids, the movement of the Fatimid.
Abbasid rule ended in Baghdad in 1258 when the oldest Hulagu Khan Tatar on the looting and burning of the city and killed most of its inhabitants, including the caliph and his sons. Moved from surviving from Bani Abbas to Cairo after the destruction of Baghdad, where they established the caliphate once again in the year 1261 AD, and by this time he was the Caliph has become a symbol of the unity of the Islamic state religion, but in fact, the Mamluk sultans Egyptians were the actual rulers of the state. Abbasid caliphate lasted list until the year 1519 AD, when they swept the Ottoman armies, the Levant and Egypt and opened its cities and castles, last caliphs Vtnazl his title to Sultan Al-Othman, Selim I, became the Ottomans successors Muslims, and taken center of the capital of
Cairo to Constantinople.
Cairo to Constantinople.
Abbasid state in the maximum amplitude in 850:
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