They are the successors of the Abbasid caliphs Alqrhien group of Muslims descended from the youngest uncles of the Prophet of Islam Muhammad bin Abdullah dynasty, namely Abbas bin Abdul Muttalib.
Abbasids adopted in the establishment of their state on the horse, aggrieved at the Umayyad them to be excluded from positions of state and major centers, and keep Arabs out, also persuaded the Abbasids Shiites to help destabilize the entity of the Umayyad dynasty. Transfer Abbasid capital of the state, after the success of their revolution, of Damascus, to Kufa, then Anbar before they constructed the city of Baghdad to be their capital, which flourished for three centuries, and became the world's largest cities and the most beautiful, and the capital of science and the arts, but the star took to fade with the beginning of the sunset of the Abbasid state as a whole. Varied reasons that led to the collapse of the Abbasid state.
Abbasid rule ended in Baghdad in 1258 when the oldest Hulagu Khan Tatar on the looting and burning of the city and killed most of its inhabitants, including the caliph and his sons. Moved from surviving from Bani Abbas to Cairo after the destruction of Baghdad, where they established the caliphate once again in the year 1261 AD, and by this time he was the Caliph has become a symbol of the unity of the Islamic state religion, but in fact, the Mamluk sultans were the actual rulers of the state.
Abbasid caliphate lasted list until the year 1519 AD, when they swept the Ottoman armies, the Levant and Egypt and opened its cities and castles, last caliphs Vtnazl his title to Sultan Al-Othman, Selim I, became the Ottomans successors Muslims, and taken center of the capital of Cairo to Astana.
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