Ancient Egypt is an ancient civilization in the north-east of Africa. The ancient Egyptians centered civilization on the banks of the Nile River in what is now known as the Arab Republic of Egypt. Egyptian civilization began around the year 3150 BC, when King Menes united Upper and Lower Egypt, and then evolved over the subsequent three millennia. Historically it included a series of politically unstable kingdoms, punctuated by periods of relative stability are called medium periods. Ancient Egypt reached the peak of its civilization in the era of the modern state, and then entered the country in a period of slow decline. Egypt was attacked in that period by many foreign powers, and officially ended the rule of the Pharaohs while Romanian Empire invaded Egypt and made it one of its provinces.
Derived success of ancient Egyptian civilization in the ability to adapt to the Nile River Valley circumstances where all the elements of agriculture available from fertile soil, water and climate. And helped flood forecasting and control of their damage in the production and ample crops contributed to the social and cultural development. The authorities and with the availability of the necessary exploitation of minerals in the valley and desert areas surrounding material, and has developed an independent writing system, and organized collective construction and agricultural projects, as well as trade with the surrounding areas, and strengthen the military forces the military to defend against enemies abroad and confirm the hegemony of Pharaonic on the country. It has been organizing these activities and are stimulated by a group of bureaucrats, religious leaders and administrators under the control of the pharaoh who ensured the cooperation and unity of the Egyptians in the context of an elaborate system of religious beliefs.
Achievements included the ancient Egyptians quarrying, surveying and construction techniques that facilitated the building massive pyramids, temples and obelisks, in addition to a practical and effective system of mathematics in medicine. And irrigation systems and agricultural production techniques, and the first known ships, Egyptian faience and glass painting technology, and new forms of literature, the first known peace treaty. Ancient Egypt left a lasting legacy. And copied and imitated Egyptian civilization, art and architecture on a large scale in the world, and quoted its effects to distant parts of the world. And it inspired the ruins and remains of passengers and the book's imagination for centuries, and resulted in discoveries in the early to talk about the effects of fossils Egyptian Age to the scientific research of the Egyptian civilization manifested itself in the science called Egyptology, and greater appreciation of their cultural heritage in Egypt and the world.
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